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1. How is my property assessed?

Each year the assessing department conducts a review of sales in Westford. Although this information is reviewed and evaluated throughout the year, the bulk of the final analysis is completed in the Fall. The overall guideline for assessing property is 90 to 110 percent assessment to sales ratio. This does not mean that there will be no occurrences of properties outside that guideline. Assessments are based on fair market value. Once the reassessment of properties has been completed, the information is submitted to the Department of Revenue and a classification hearing is held to determine the new tax rate. Please call 978-692-5504 for more information.

2. What is a classification hearing?

The classification hearing is open to the public and is a joint meeting of the Board of Assessors and the Board of Selectmen. The Board of Selectmen has the statutory authority to determine the tax rate each year. The Board of Assessors assists the Board of Selectmen during this process each year. The Department of Revenue sets the assessment date for all property. The assessment date is always behind what the actual market is. For example, the FY 2013 assessments are based on calendar year 2011 market conditions and sales. Please call 978-692-5504 for more information.

3. Will someone be inspecting my house?

Inspections of property are conducted throughout most of the year. An inspection may occur as part of an ongoing cyclical re-inspection program, as the result of a building permit being taken out, as the result of an abatement application being made, or at the special request of any property owner. Please call 978-692-5504 for more information.

4. How will I know what my new assessment is?

The Department of Revenue approves the Town’s values and new tax rate each year. The new assessment is available on January 1st, with the issuance of the 3rd quarter (1st actual) tax bill. Please call 978-692-5504 for more information.

5. If my assessment increases will my property tax increase? If my assessment decreases will my property tax decrease?

Higher property assessments do not cause higher taxes. The total municipal budget determines the money to be raised from property taxes. The tax rate can stay the same, or may even decrease based on the overall increase in property values.

It is also true that decreasing property values generally do not result in lower taxes for the same reason. Please call 978-692-5504 for more information.

6. How does Proposition 2 1/2 affect my individual bill?

The levy limit provisions of Proposition 2 1/2 affect the total amount of taxes to be raised by a city or town. It does not apply to an individual tax bill. Proposition 2 1/2 does not mean that your taxes cannot be increased by more than 2 1/2% in a year. Please call 978-692-5504 for more information.

7. What personal property is taxable?

All personal property of a business must be listed and filed with the Board of Assessors by March 1st each year. The official form for providing this information is a “Form of List.” Individuals, partnerships, associations, or trusts, are taxable on all tangible personal property except motor vehicles and trailers subject to an excise, boats subject to an excise, and non-commercial registered airplanes. Some examples of taxable personal property include the following:
-Business Furniture and Fixtures (such as desks and leasehold improvements)
-Furnishings and contents of a Second Home
-Machinery (such as copying and reproduction equipment)
-Merchandise (such as inventory of shoes in a clothing store, materials and supplies used to produce a finished product)
-Poles, underground conduits, wires and pipes
-Tools and Equipment (such as a dentist drill)

Unincorporated businesses must report on all of their furniture, fixtures, machinery, equipment and inventory. Incorporated businesses must report on all of their furniture, fixtures, machinery, equipment, and inventory.
Classified manufacturers need only report on poles, underground conduits, wires and pipes. Please call 978-692-5504 for more information.

8. How do I appeal a personal property tax?

Application forms are available from the Board of Assessors during regular business hours, or can also be downloaded from the internet. The application must be filed with the Board of Assessors by February 1st of the current fiscal year, after the 3rd quarter (January 1st) bill is mailed.

If a “Form of List” has not been timely filed, the Board of Assessors cannot abate any taxes unless the taxpayer can show a reasonable excuse for not filing the form, or the tax assessed is more than 150% of what the tax would have been had the form been timely filed. Only the amount over 150% of the correct value can be abated. Please call 978-692-5504 for more information.

9. How do I appeal a real property tax?

Application forms are available from the Board of Assessors during regular business hours, or can also be downloaded from the internet at the Department of Revenues website.

Applications must be received by the Board of Assessors by February 1st of the current fiscal year, after the 3rd quarter (January 1st) bill is mailed. For more information, please visit the Massachusetts Department of Revenues website.

10. Why did I get a Request for Additional Information notice?

The Board of Assessors is authorized by law to request information that is necessary if they are to properly determine fair cash value of the property. Failure to respond to requests for information can result in denial or cause a taxpayer to lose the right to appeal. Please call 978-692-5504 for more information.

11. How long will I have to wait for a notice of approval or denial?

The Board of Assessors has 3 months to act on your abatement application. Please call 978-692-5504 for more information.

12. Can I appeal to the Appellate Tax Board?

If you are dissatisfied with the decision of the Board of Assessors, you may file an appeal with the Appellate Tax Board.

For more information refer to the official application abatement form, which summarizes a taxpayer's rights and responsibilities. Some information regarding the right to appeal your taxes also appears on your tax bill. Please call 978-692-5504 for more information.

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1. What is a business certificate?

A business certificate is the registration of a business that is being conducted and is located within the Town of Westford. It is commonly referred to as a" DBA" or "Doing Business As" certificate. Its purpose is primarily for consumer protection and public information.

2. Who must file a business certificate?

Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 110, 5 states that any person conducting business under any title or business name other than the real name of the person conducting the business must file a certificate. A person is defined as an individual, a partnership, or a corporation.

Exemptions to filing are allowed under 6 if the corporation is doing business in its true corporate name, or if a partnership is doing business under any title which includes the true surname of any partner. Certain other exemptions exist for trusts and limited partnerships.

3. How do I file or renew a business certificate?

Forms for filing are available in the Town Clerk’s Office. The certificate includes the name and residence of each person conducting the business, and the location where the business is conducted. The named individuals must either appear in person at the Town Clerk’s Office in order to execute the document, or have their signatures on the form notarized by a Notary Public. The filing fee is $30, and the certificate is valid for 4 years from date of execution. For additional information view the

Business Certificate (PDF).

4. What do I do if I discontinue or withdraw from the business, or move to another location?

A Statement of Discontinuance, Change of Residence form must be completed and filed ($10 fee) with the Town Clerk if one of the following occurs before the expiration: - Business is discontinued - 1 or more of the persons named on the certificate is withdrawn or retired from the business or partnership - 1 or more of the persons named on the certificate dies - Change of residence of one of the named persons on the certificate - Change of location where the business is conducted For additional information view the

Discontinuance Form (PDF).

5. What is the penalty for failing to file a business certificate?

The requirement to file a business certificate is a State Law (Massachusetts General Law Chapter 110, 5). Failure to do so is punishable by a fine of up to $300.

6. Where can I obtain further information?

For further information about filing a business certificate, call the Town Clerk’s Office at 978-692-5515. For information about registering a trademark or trade name, contact the Secretary of State’s Office at 617-727-8329.

7. How do I obtain a list of registered DBAs in Westford?

To obtain a list in Westford visit the Document Management System page.

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1. Why does my compost smell bad? How do I fix it?

It is likely that your compost contains mainly nitrogen-rich materials like kitchen scraps or grass clippings. Food scraps have a high moisture content and your compost is fermenting due to the absence of oxygen in a waterlogged situation. The products of fermentation include ammonia-like substances and hydrogen sulfide (smells like rotten eggs).

To remedy this, add carbon and oxygen and reduce moisture. By adding a large volume of dry leaves, shredded newspaper or sawdust, and aerating your pile with a spading fork, you will correct the imbalance of brown (carbon) and green (nitrogen) materials.

Aim for a moisture level in your compost pile that feels like a damp wrung-out sponge.

2. Why is my pile taking forever to compost?

If your pile is less than 3 cubic feet in volume, it needs more mass to compost effectively - so build a bigger pile.

Your pile might have too much carbon and not enough nitrogen. Nitrogen materials are often wet (food scraps, grass clippings), so mixing them into dry carbon materials helps add moisture. Add water, if needed, so the moisture level feels like a damp wrung-out sponge.

Strive for a C:N (carbon to nitrogen) ratio ranging between 25:1 and 30:1. Good carbon materials are leaves, shredded straw, shredded newspaper, wood shavings, saw dust. Good nitrogen materials are grass clippings, food scraps, herbivorous animal bedding, plant debris.

Monitoring your pile temperature and turning it whenever it dips below 110 degrees keeps your pile active for the fastest breakdown.

Chopping up your materials into smaller particle size improves the rate of decomposition. Organic materials can be chopped, shredded, split, bruised, or punctured to increase their surface area. Don’t ‘powder’ materials because they will compact and impede air movement in the pile.

3. How do I keep rodents out of my pile?

Do not add meat or bones, dairy, oils, peanut butter, sauces or salad dressings, to your compost pile.

A pile that is too dry and not turned very often can make an attractive nesting place for mice. If you see a mouse, try making your pile wetter and turn it every day for a week to discourage nesting.

Mice and rats love to live in thickets of plants that never get disturbed and that provide year-round shelter. Do not place your compost bin in an area overrun with ivy or similar brush.

4. How do I avoid bears in my pile?

To avoid attracting bears, dig fruit and vegetable scraps deep (12 inches - 18 inches) into the center of your compost pile, rather than leaving them on top where they are easily detected by bear’s noses. Top your pile with a thick layer of brown carbon-based material like leaves.

5. Bears have already been in my compost, how do I make them go away?

1. Cease adding bear attracting foods to your bin and top off the bin with brown carbon materials.
2. Check your home and yard to avoid becoming an easy food source for bears. Bears are attracted to bird feeders, improperly stored garbage or recycling with food residue, fruit trees with fresh or rotting fruit, pet food kept outdoors, uncleaned barbecues, fresh grass clippings.
-Do not put out your garbage until the morning of pickup.
-Freeze odorous foods (such as meat, skin, bones, seafood) until morning of pickup.
-Keep your garbage container clean.
-Properly secure food in trash bags to restrict odors.
3. Empty the existing compost and dig it deep into a garden.
4. Start again and ensure that whenever “greens” (nitrogen-based material) are added, they are buried under a layer of “browns” (carbon-based material).

If you know bears regularly explore your neighborhood, do not compost bear attracting foods like meat, fish, eggs, whole or rotten fruits, grains, oils.

Harvest your fruit trees immediately, or just before the fruit ripens. Pick up fallen fruit immediately. You can compost 1 or 2 fruits by burying them deep into your pile, covering them with carbon-rich material. Use pit or trench composting to deal with greater numbers of fruit by digging a deep hole in your garden and burying the fruit under no less than 12 inches - 18 inches of soil, where it will compost underground.

6. Are flies in my compost pile good or bad?

Insects are a sign of a productive compost pile. If there is an abundance of flies, bury your food scraps as least 8-12 inches deep into the pile. Keep a layer of dry leaves or grass clippings on top of the pile. Thermophilic temperatures in your compost pile will kill fly larvae.

7. Is it okay to put diseased plants, invasive weeds or weed seeds in my compost pile?

Yes, only if you are using a ‘hot composting’ method, which involves mixing in a good recipe of materials all at 1 time for a volume of at least 4 cubic feet, turning frequently, maintaining correct moisture levels - in order to obtain a pile temperature of 130-150 degrees for 7 consecutive days, which is sufficient to kill weed seeds, plant pathogens and invasive weeds with rhizomatous root systems.

Most backyard composters use a ‘cold composting’ method, which involves adding materials incrementally as they become available. Cold piles are ineffective at reliably killing weed seeds, plant pathogens and weeds with rhizomatous root systems.

8. How can I compost weed seeds, diseased plants and invasive weeds with rhizomatous root systems?

Try cooking weed seeds, diseased plants and invasive weeds using the heat of the sun: place weed seeds and plants in a clear plastic bag with some water and seal tightly, lay out in hot full sun for at least 1 week until putrid. Then add to compost pile.

Or instead, burn them in a safe location, then add the cold ashes to your compost pile.

9. Can I make a fertilizer out of weeds?

Weeds contain many nutrients that you can use to fertilize your plants. Try this method: Create a dedicated ‘weed bucket’ to drown weeds by filling a bucket with water and weeds, let weeds steep till liquefied. The weeds will anaerobically decompose (become smelly) and the resulting green liquid can be used directly in the garden as fertilizer.

10. How do I know when the compost is finished?

The temperature of finished compost should be the same as the outside temperature, and the material should not reheat. You will see earthworms and other insects now that the temperature is lower. If your compost is still hot, smells like ammonia, or you can still recognize much of the original material, then it is not ready to use. Once the compost appears finished, let it sit for at least 3 weeks to make sure decomposition has stabilized.

Compost is ready to use when it is dark, brown, crumbly, sort of fluffy, with a pleasant, earthy odor. It would not be moldy or rotten. The original materials that went into the pile should no longer be recognizable, except for some woody pieces, which you can throw back into your next compost pile.

You might be tempted to use compost before it is ready, but don’t do it. If incompletely decomposed material is added to your garden soil, bacteria may compete with plants for nitrogen in the soil. Plants will look stunted and yellow. Unfinished compost has been found to also retard germination and growth of seedlings.

11. Can I add grass or plants that have been treated with herbicides or pesticides to my pile?

No. Pesticides and herbicides are designed to kill insects and will have a negative effect on the health of your compost pile, killing the very critters that you are relying on to break down your organic materials. Studies have shown that pesticides and herbicides persist in compost, and do not become neutralized through the process of composting.

12. What kind of animal manure is good for composting?

Choose animal bedding or manure from herbivores. Hot composting methods will ensure that weed seeds and pathogens will be killed. Avoid using manure or bedding from animals that have been treated with de-worming medication, as this is harmful to the insects needed for composting.

To compost dog waste and cat litter and feces, use a dedicated, below-ground pet waste composter, also called a digester. Find more information on the City Farmer Website.

13. Why do my eggshells take forever to compost?

Eggshells add valuable calcium to compost, but take a long time to break down. Try crushing them into smaller bits, or grinding them with a mortar and pestle, to speed up the process.

14. How do I compost my food scraps during the winter when my pile is frozen solid?

Most people let their pile shut down in the winter and reactivate it in the spring.

Try vermi-composting with your food scraps using a worm bin in your basement. Learn about vermi-composting and how to make your own worm bin. Get more information about vermi-composting.

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1. What should I do if I am sick?

Information on what to if you are sick can be found here.

2. Is there a statewide hotline for information?

Yes. The state has opened up 2-1-1 for queries. It is free, confidential, and multilingual.

3. What should I do to prevent colds and flu from spreading?

• Wash hands often with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds.
• Avoid touching your eyes and face. 
• Clean things that are frequently touched (like doorknobs and countertops) with household cleaning spray or wipes.   
• Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue or the inside of your elbow.
• Stay home when feeling sick.  for the most up to date information or contact the Health Department at 978-692-5509
• Get a flu shot.
• Work hard at Social Distancing

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1. How do I dispose of a fire extinguisher?

The Westford Fire Department does not inspect, recharge, or accept fire extinguishers for recycling.

Some fire extinguishers can be inspected and recharged by a certified fire equipment dealer. We have no affiliation or recommendations for any local fire equipment dealers or services. You can find one by doing a web search for "fire extinguisher recharging" or "fire extinguisher recharging near me".

Some lower cost fire extinguishers made of plastic or aluminum cannot be serviced or recharged.

Some fire extinguisher makers will have information on their website or within the product manual on proper disposal. Other companies will refer you to your local fire department for more information.

If you're a Westford Resident, we ask that you go to the Westford Recycling Commission and check out their guide to "How to Recycle Most Everything".

Questions? Give us a call. 978-399-2345

2. Why do you send a fire engine to a medical call?

The answer to this question is simple; better service. A fire engine comes along with an ambulance for safety and manpower. We plan for the worst and hope for the best when responding to a call. Why all this?

3. Why do fire engines respond to car accidents, even when they didn’t look serious?

The Fire Department responds to all accidents where there is suspected injury to occupants of the vehicle. When a call is received at dispatch, quite often the caller does not know if any injuries have occurred as a result of the accident. Even minor accidents cause “whiplash” or other injuries. Sometimes, the reason for the accident is a medical condition that caused the operator to lose control of their vehicle. To that end, all accidents are considered serious and require a response of a fire engine and ambulance.

The Fire Department also has a stake in the protection of the environment. The department supervises the clean-up of fuels, oils and coolants that may affect our natural resources. Please call 978-692-5542 for more information.

4. Why do so many fire engines respond even if the fire is small?

There is a standard response required to a residential structure fire. That response includes 3 engine companies, 1 tower truck, 1 ambulance and 1 Incident Commander. If these units are not needed, they are released upon arrival or en route. The primary goal of the Fire Department is to protect lives and property and this level of response is necessary to accomplish this goal. Fire Department units are dispatched according to information received by 911 operators.

The Fire Department thinks over cautiously when responding to a citizen in need of help. In other words, the firefighters are prepared to deal with the worst that could happen. Discovering that we need more units once we arrive is often too late. We have learned from experience that it's better to have too much help than not enough. Please call 978-692-5542 for more information.

5. Why does the Fire Department bring the fire engine just for a simple inspection?

2 reasons:
-1st, these inspections are conducted by on-duty engine companies that must be ready to respond to an emergency call from the field.
-2nd, an important part of the value of the public safety inspection is to familiarize your local firefighters with the buildings and businesses. While they check for hazards and consult with business owners on how best to eliminate or minimize the likelihood of a fire, they also familiarize themselves with access points and the layout of the facility.

Please call 978-692-5542 for more information.

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1. Is there any place where I can recycle my plastic bags?

Plastic bags cannot be recycled at curbside because they get caught in the conveyor belt at the recycler processing and sorting facility. Many of the larger grocery store chains accept bags for recycling, such as Whole Foods, Stop and Shop, Hannafords, Star Market, Shaw's, Roche Brothers, Market Basket. In addition to shopping bags, these stores accept other plastic bags, such as clean, dry produce bags, bread bags, sandwich bags, and more. Better than recycling bags, of course, is reusing bags or using reusable Cloth shopping bags. It is notoriously difficult, even for those with the best of intentions, to remember to bring reusable bags on a shopping trip. Here are some tips to help you remember: - Write on your shopping list "remember to bring bags." - Hang cloth bags on your kitchen door. - Use a cloth bag to hold deposit bottles and cans, that way you will have at least 1 cloth bag with you when you get to the store. - Tape a reminder on your dashboard. - Don't get discouraged when you keep forgetting your bags. Keep trying.

2. What should I do if my recycling was not picked up?

For missed pick up of recycling - please contact: 

Waste Management Phone: 800-972-4545 Hours: Monday - Friday  8 a.m. - 5 p.m.  

Review the Town's Trash/Recycling pages for more information.

3. Why would some of my recycling be left behind?

Some possible reasons: - It was not a recyclable item - It was cardboard that was not flattened and cut into 3 x 3 foot bundles. Larger cardboard will not physically fit in the recycling truck. - Mixed paper was put in a plastic bag. We cannot accept paper in plastic bags. Plastic bags contaminate the paper so it cannot be recycled. - Dirty or contaminated items. Jars full of peanut butter is one example of a non-recyclable items. Cans and bottles put out for recycling must be not be contaminated with food. Call Waste Management at 800-972-4545 if you have questions about an item left behind.

4. How do I get a new or additional bin for recycling?

You may: - Purchase any sturdy bin at a hardware store - Use a regular trash can - Buy a wheeled toter from the Recycling Commission. Bins and trash cans should have a "recycle" sticker on them, which are free from the Town Clerk's office at the Town Hall. To obtain a wheeled 64-gallon recycling toter, send a check for $60 payable to Westford Recycling Commission, 55 Main Street. A member of the Commission will contact you and let you know when and where to pick up your toter. Several years ago, the Town's recycling contractor distributed free toters to about 2000 Westford households which are part of the household. Buying your own recycling bin is the best bet.

5. How can I get rid of a computer or a television?

The Westford Recycling Commission conducts two Saturday fee-based collections per year in the Spring and Fall at the Westford Highway Garage, 28 North Main Street. For collection dates, view the How to Recycle Most Everything (PDF).

6. What do I do with alkaline batteries? Are they hazardous?

Alkaline batteries are not considered as hazardous waste and can be placed in your regular trash. Nickel Cadmium and NiMH rechargeable batteries are considered hazardous waste and can be recycled at BestBuy, Home Depot and other hardware stores. Save lithium batteries for Westford's next hazardous waste collection.

7. What can I do with latex paint?

Latex paint is not considered hazardous waste and, after hardening, should be put in your trash. Paint hardener, good for about 3.5 gallons of paint, is available at minimal cost from Lynch Paint on Littleton Road (Route 110). Kitty litter also works as an absorber hardener but is not quite as effective.

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1. Where can I find information on recycling in Westford?

For all things regarding recycling view the Westford website and view the Recycling Guide (PDF).

2. What if I have a general recycling question?

Please contact the Westford Recycling Commission.

3. What kind of recycling container can I use?

There are several options for recycling containers described on the Recycling Bins and Toters page.

4. Can I put my recyclables in plastic bags for collection?

No. Plastic bags will jam the recycling sorting machines.

5. What can I recycle?

All paper, cardboard, cans, bottles, and plastic with a recycling symbol (not Styrofoam). No need to sort. The Westford Recycling Guide is updated annually and mailed to every resident by June 30. It includes basic recycling information, the Curbside Collection Calendar with exceptions for holidays, Special Collection Events, What to Recycle, and contacts. View the Westford Recycling Guide (PDF).

6. What about other stuff for reuse or recycling that is not picked up in recycling containers?

A comprehensive list for recycling and reusable items for everything is listed on the How to Recycle Most Everything (PDF)

7. What if I want to compost?

Great news, composting reduces trash tonnage. For more information refer to the Home Composting with an Earth Machine (PDF).

8. Why is it important to reduce, reuse, and recycle in Westford?

It saves money. Westford pays about $70 per ton of trash that is taken to the incinerator, over and above the trash collection contract fee. Recycling tonnage is unlimited; it does not incur an extra charge.

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1. What is the Westford Mandatory Recycling and Trash Pickup Policy?

Learn all about the reasons and additional detail to Westford's mandatory recycling and trash pickup policy by viewing the Recycling Information and Enforcement Policy (PDF).

2. What if I have a specific complaint about my trash or recycling pickup?

For issues with TRASH, please contact Acme Waste at 978-479-2434 or email acmewaste@aol.com

For issues with RECYCLING, please contact Waste Management at 800-972-4545. 

If after contacting the vendor, your issue is not resolved within 24 hours. please contact the Town Manager's Office.

3. What is the frequency of trash and recycling pickup?

Trash is picked up weekly and recycling is picked up every other week on the same day as your trash pickup.

4. What day is trash and recycling picked up on my street?

View the Trash and Recycling Routes by Street Name (PDF).

5. How do I know which weeks my recycling is picked up?

Recycling pickups are every other week and are determined by the color blue or green that is assigned to your street. Streets coded in blue are picked up 1 week. Streets coded in green are picked up the next week, and so on, alternating pickup weeks for blue and green streets. To determine whether your street is coded blue or green, please review the Trash and Recycling Routes by Street Name (PDF).

6. How do I find out which week of the month is blue and which is green?

The color blue or green indicating the current pickup week is posted on the Westford Recycling Guide (PDF).

7. What happens to pickups on holidays?

Following a holiday, collections are 1 day later than usual on that week. For more information view the Westford Recycling Guide (PDF).

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1. Do I have to put out a recycling container on the trash only week to have my trash collected?

No, however, if it is obvious to the casual observer that there are recyclables in the trash, it will not be collected. The only change recyclers need to make is to keep their recycling bins out until the trash collection is completed on recycling week.

2. Are we eliminating a week of trash removal (going to every other week for trash) and adding a week of recycling removal (having weekly collection of recyclables)?

No, the current collection schedule is unchanged.

3. Is someone inspecting my trash? What if I include a single item of recycling in my trash by mistake?

No one is going through your trash. We would be happy to help you with any questions you may have regarding what to recycle and what to throw away. Most households have far more recycling than trash. Decisions will be made based on what is obvious to the haulers and your neighbors: does the distribution of the volume of your waste stream reflect a reasonable effort to recycle and are their visible signs of recycling in your trash? If not, you need not be concerned, however, contact the Recycling Commission by email or by phone or please feel free to reference the Westford Recycling Guide

reference the Westford Recycling Guide (PDF).

4. Is there anyway to stay connected with the Westford Recycling Commission?

Yes, you may stay connected with the Westford Recycling Commission through our Facebook

5. I find it too difficult/dangerous to get to the curb in severe weather so I stockpile my recycling for good weather days, is this an issue?

This is a container issue, not a recycling issue. Westford is lucky to have a very flexible system regarding recycling containers. Unlike many towns, residents of Westford are not mandated to have a specific container for recycling. Simply acquire a container that fits your needs, get a free sticker from the Town Clerk, and place the labeled container on the opposite side of your driveway from your trash.

If you are concerned about wind or precipitation, or like to set recycling out the night before collection, it would be best to have a container with a lid. The container should be sized appropriately for your household so you can move it, store it, and not over stuff it. If you can get your trash to the curb in the container of your choosing, you should be able to get recycling to the curb in a container that meets your needs.

6. Why can’t I get a free toter?

Several years ago, the recycling vendor initially provided free toters to Westford residents until they realized that the cost of providing toters to everyone in town would be prohibitive. These 64 gallon toters with yellow lids belong to the Town of Westford, not the homeowner, and are linked to the address they were delivered to. The Town of Westford did not pay for the toters.

7. How can I get a toter?

The Recycling Commission purchases 64 gallon toters with green lids and sells them at cost to residents. These toters belong to the homeowner, just as their trash cans do. If you would like to order one, simply send or deliver a check for $60 payable to the Recycling Commission to the Town Clerk, and a Commission volunteer will contact you to arrange for pick up. Homeowners can also buy toters or receptacles of their choosing from any hardware store.

8. What about my shared driveway/Condo? How do they know if it was me who skipped recycling or my neighbor?

The enforcement is not that finely correlated. As long as there is recycling out at a given pick up location and no obvious recyclables in the trash, the trash will be collected.

9. If I am away, then I won’t have recycling. Is that alright?

And you won’t have trash. It is more likely, given every other week collection of recyclables, you will have recyclables and not trash, and in that case, the recyclables will be picked up.

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1. How do I Get a Veterans ID Card?

As of 2012, Massachusetts driver's licenses can now indicate that your are a veteran. The military provides all veterans with a DD-214, i.e., your discharge papers as proof of service. This document should be safe-guarded. It is recommended that you make copies of your original and only use those copies and a photo ID (like a driver's license) as proof for those that seek it. The VA has started issuing Veterans ID cards. Instructions will be provided shortly.

more information.

2. Who do I call for transportation to my VA medical appointment?

Please click on this link to get information on how to arrange for transportation to scheduled VA medical appointments at the VA medical facilities in Bedford, Lowell, Jamaica Plain and West Roxbury.

If link is not displayed, copy and paste this URL: https://www.westfordma.gov/DocumentCenter/View/1107/Who-to-Contact-Regarding-Transportation-for-Veterans-Their-Families-PDF

3. Can I get hearing aids or glasses from the VA?

The VA will provide eyeglasses and hearing aids to veterans with any compensable service-connected disability, former Prisoners of War and Purple Heart recipients. This benefit is generally not available for the spouse of a veteran, other assistance may be available, please call your community VSO. Find more information.

4. How do I get a cemetery marker for a veteran?

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) furnishes upon request, at no charge to the applicant, a Government headstone or marker for the unmarked grave of any deceased eligible veteran in any cemetery around the world, regardless of their date of death.   For eligible veterans that died on or after Nov. 1, 1990, VA may also provide a headstone or marker for graves that are already marked with a private headstone or marker. When the grave is already marked, applicants will have the option to apply for either a traditional headstone or marker, or a medallion. 

Flat markers in granite, marble, and bronze and upright headstones in granite and marble are available. The style chosen must be consistent with existing monuments at the place of burial. Niche markers are also available to mark columbaria used for inurnment of cremated remains.

When burial or memorialization is in a national cemetery, state veterans' cemetery, or military post/base cemetery, a headstone or marker will be ordered by the cemetery officials based on inscription information provided by the next of kin or authorized representative.

Spouses and dependents are not eligible for a Government-furnished headstone or marker unless they are buried in a national cemetery, state veteran's cemetery, or military post/base cemetery.

Note: There is no charge for the headstone or marker itself, however arrangements for placing it in a private cemetery are the applicant's responsibility and all setting fees are at private expense.

5. Am I eligible for financial aid? Can I get help with my medical bills?

If you are a veteran, dependent of a veteran, or a widow/widower of a veteran and struggling financially, you may be entitled to assistance.

6. How can I support veterans and active duty service members?

Looking to honor the brave men and women who served our country in the armed forces? Wondering how you can find a charity helping our veterans that you can trust? Charity Navigator can help! They've rated dozens of military-related charities so you can make an informed decision. Check out their list now.

7. Do you qualify for a utility or telephone discount?

If you are receiving Massachusetts Chapter 115 benefits, or VA DIC/disability compensation, you are probably eligible! Utility and telephone discounts are lower rates charged to low-income customers for gas, electricity, and telephone service. Massachusetts Law requires regulated gas and electric utility companies to offer discounted rates to customers who receive public assistance benefits and meet income limits. Customers with low-income rates get the same level of service as customers paying the standard rate.

Most utility discount programs use a gross annual income limit equal to 60% of the state median income (SMI), the income limits used by the LIHEAP fuel assistance program. Some utility companies may still use 200% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines (FPG). Check with your utility company for their income eligibility rules. Read more about eligibility.

8. I have a Service Connected Disability rating from the VA, what am I entitled to?

Besides getting the healthcare that is specific to your "disability, there maybe other VA, local and state level benefits you are entitled to:

For VA benefits, take a look at the VA Benefit Eligibility Matrix

Take a look at the document What Every Veteran Should Know for some other benefits to check with your local VSO on.

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1. What is groundwater?

Groundwater comes from rain and snow that soaks into the ground, passing between soil particles, sand, gravel, or rock until it reaches a depth were the ground is filled (saturated) with water. The area that is filled with water is called the saturated zone, and the top of this zone is called the water table. The water table may be very close to the ground surface or may be several hundred feet deep. Groundwater is stored in the ground in materials like gravel, sand, or bedrock. An area that holds lots of water - which can be pumped with a well - is called an aquifer.

2. How does the water get into my house?

Water is pumped from the wells through large underground pipes called mains into the treatment plants. The treated water is pumped to one of 5 storage tanks located at elevated areas in town to create water pressure. From the storage tanks the water flows throughout Westford in underground mains in the street (buried at least 5 feet below the surface to prevent freezing in the winter). Smaller pipes called service lines connect the water main to individual houses, businesses, and schools. The last stop on this trip from the ground is your faucet.

3. Why does Westford restrict outdoor water use from May through October?

As one would expect, water usage increases dramatically (about 50%) in the warmer months, and this can create a strain on the system’s ability to pump enough water to meet everyone’s needs. The State also imposes restrictions on how much water the Water Department can pump on a daily basis. And don’t forget - surrounding towns, which draw water from the same aquifer, are also experiencing increased usage at the same time. To ensure that there is enough water for everybody, and sufficient pressure for fire protection, the Water Department has a system of staged water use restrictions. Without these restrictions, demand would most likely deplete water supplies to a dangerously low level, and the Water Department would be forced to impose a ban on all outdoor water usage.

4. How does the Westford Water Department determine water use restrictions?

Voluntary odd and even outdoor water use restrictions are in effect from May 1 through October 31. Customers are also strongly encouraged to limit sprinkler use to before 9 a.m. and after 6 p.m. For mandatory restrictions, the Water Department has established daily water usage triggers based on its Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) withdrawal permit (this state permit determines how much water the Department is allowed to pump on a daily basis). The triggers are set to allow enough water to be pumped to satisfy increased demand, but to prevent the Department from violating its state permit. A lower trigger point activates the Level 2 Mandatory Restrictions, and a higher trigger point activates Level 3 Emergency Mandatory Restrictions (outdoor water use ban). For details on allowable outdoor water usage during Level 2 and 3 restrictions, contact us at 978-692-5529 or view the Water Department Rules and Regulations page.

5. Why is my water discolored?

Normally your water should appear clear. However, sometimes there may be coloration to the water, and this can be caused by a few things:
- The water is brown or orange. This is probably iron related, and you may need to drain your hot water heater - or your pipes may need to be flushed. Rusty-colored water is commonly seen after a main break or when hydrants are being flushed, and the water should return to normal shortly after the break is repaired or the flushing stops. The Westford Water Department will post a hydrant flushing notice in the local newspaper and on its website. Notice of a main break will also be posted on the Water Department website.
- A milky appearance to the water may indicate air in the lines and should dissipate with time. To test - collect some water from your tap in a clear glass and let sit for a few minutes. The water should become clear from the bottom up as the tiny air bubbles (which creates the milky appearance) rise to the surface.
- There are black specs in the water - this is probably manganese, and may indicate a need to flush the service line.
- Yellow water requires investigation as the cause of this is varied.

If you ever have questions about your water quality you should contact the Water Department Environmental Compliance Manager at 978-399-2457.

6. How is my water bill determined (residential)?

Westford has a 3-Step water rate system based on volume of water used, and water is billed in increments of 100 cubic feet (ft3) on a quarterly basis. The first step rate is applied to 1 - 2,500 feet3, the second step rate is applied to the next 2,501 - 10,000 feet3, and the third step rate is applied to greater than 10,000 feet3. So, if 4,500 feet3 of water are used for 1 quarter then 2,500 feet are billed at the first step, and the next 2,000 feet3 are billed at the second step:
2,500 feet3 x $4.19/100 feet3 = $104.75
2,000 feet3 x $5.60/100 feet3 = $112
$104.75 + $112 = $216.75
Additionally, there is a quarterly service charge that is applied (in order to cover the cost of maintaining the account) of $16.28. The total bill for the quarter is:
$216.75 + $16.28 = $233.03

Refer to the current water rates posted on the Water Department website for rates for each step. This step billing method is used in order to comply with MassDEP requirements, and encourage water conservation.

7. What is a System Development Charge (SDC) and how is it determined?

This is a charge that reflects the prior investment made by existing customers. The basis for a buy-in method SDC is that new customers will be charged for capacity based on the value of available capacity in the existing system. Essentially, new customers are buying their share of capacity from the existing customers.

The SDC for residential properties are based on number of units (single family detached to multi-unit dwellings). The SDC for commercial properties is based on meter size. Refer to the current Rules and Regulations Appendix 3 for the Schedule of SDCs.

8. How do I connect to Town Water (single family house)?

The first step is to call the Water Department. We need to check the system maps to determine if your property has frontage to a water main for connection. If there is an existing water main, an applicant needs to fill out an application and hire an excavating contractor. The Water Department is not allowed to recommend a contractor, but there are several listed in the local phone book.

It is the responsibility of your contractor to excavate the trench from the connection point to the foundation wall. It is necessary to give the Water Department several days notice prior to commencing the work in order to give your contractor the time to coordinate with our foremen. The Water Department will supply the materials and labor to connect your service line to the water supply, bring it into your home, and set your water meter.

The home owner will need a plumber to do two things: connect the home plumbing to the water meter and disconnect the well. The well can be set up for landscape watering, but it is not allowed to remain connected to the domestic system. The excavation contractor is responsible for back filling the trench and any necessary loaming and seeding.

9. What are the fees to connect to Town water?

- The Application fee is $50
- An estimate of installation charges is $1100
- The System Development Charge is $2450
- A check for $3825 is needed prior to installing the water connection

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1. What is backflow?

Backflow is the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distribution pipes of a potable water supply from any source other than the intended source. There are 2 types of backflow: backpressure backflow and back-siphonage.

2. What is backpressure backflow?

Backpressure backflow is a form of backflow due to pressure created by mechanical means or other means which causes water or other liquids or substances to flow or move in a direction opposite to that which is intended. Backpressure backflow is caused by a downstream pressure that is greater than the upstream or supply pressure in a public water system. Backpressure can result from an increase in downstream pressure, a reduction in the potable water supply pressure, or a combination of both.

Causes of increases in downstream pressure: Pumps (such as wells and booster pumps), elevated tanks, temperature increases in boilers, etc.

Causes of decreases in downstream pressure: Water line flushing, fire fighting, or breaks in water mains.

3. What is back-siphonage?

Back-siphonage is a form of backflow due to reduced or sub-atmospheric pressure within a water system. Back-siphonage is caused by a negative pressure (i.e., a vacuum or partial vacuum) in a public water system. The effect is similar to drinking water through a straw. Back-siphonage can occur when there is a stoppage of water supply due to a nearby fire fighting, a break in a water main, and more.

4. What is a backflow preventer?

A backflow preventer is a testable or non-testable cross connection control device which prevents potential pollutants and contaminants from flowing into the public water system.

5. Why does a soft drink dispensing machine require backflow protection?

Soft drink dispensers (post-mix carbonators) use carbonated water mixed under pressure with syrup and water to provide soft drinks beverages. Many, if not most water pipes are made of copper. When carbonated water comes into contact with copper, it chemically dissolves the copper from the pipe. This copper-carbonate solution has been proven to be a risk to the digestive system.

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1. What is a cross-connection?

A cross-connection is any actual or potential physical connection or arrangement between a pipe conveying potable water from a public water system and any non-potable water supply, piping arrangement or equipment including, but not limited to, waste pipe, soil pipe, sewer, drain, other unapproved sources.

2. What is an air gap?

An airgap is an unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood level rim of the receptacle. This separation must be at least twice the internal diameter of the water supply pipe and never less than one inch. An air gap is considered the maximum protection available against backpressure backflow or back-siphonage but is not always practical and can easily be bypassed.

3. What is a reduced pressure zone assembly?

A reduced pressure zone assembly is an approved testable backflow prevention device incorporating: 2 or more check valves; an automatically operating differential relief valve located between the 2 checks; 2 shut-off valves; and necessary appurtenances for testing.

A sprinkler and irrigation system that has a chemical feed requires this device. It is also commonly used in commercial establishments to protect against numerous contaminants. These devices must be installed above ground.

4. What is a double-check valve assembly?

A double-check valve assembly is a testable backflow prevention device that incorporates an assembly of check valves, with shut-off valves at each end and appurtenances for testing.

For instance, sprinkler and irrigation systems are required to be protected by these devices. They are normally installed near the meter in an underground box.

5. What is an atmospheric vacuum breaker?

An atmospheric vacuum breaker is an approved backflow prevention device used to prevent back siphonage which is not designed for use under static line pressure.

6. What is a pressure vacuum breaker?

A pressure vacuum breaker is an approved backflow prevention device designed to prevent only back siphonage and which is designed for use under static line pressure.

7. What is a hose bibb vacuum breaker?

A hose bibb vacuum breaker (HBVB) is one of the least expensive and most commonly used backflow preventers. When attached to an outside water tap, these backflow preventers keep water that may be contaminated with fertilizer or insecticide from entering your drinking water. You should attach an HBVB if you have a sprayer on your hose.

8. Why do backflow preventers have to be tested periodically?

In order to insure the proper operation of a backlfow assembly, it must be tested and certified upon installation and periodically thereafter as required by state code.

If the hazard (substance you are protecting against) is considered a high hazard (i.e., a hazard that can cause health problems), the State requires that the device be tested twice a year.

If the hazard is considered a low hazard (such as the hazard effects only the taste and odor of the water), the State requires testing once a year.

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1. Is there lead in my water?

Elevated levels of lead in water can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. The Westford Water Department does test for lead in the water (the most recent results were well below the required limits) and is responsible for providing safe, high-quality drinking water. However, we cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components.

Additionally, the Water Department’s corrosion control program functions to reduce corrosion of the metal piping water travels through by raising the naturally corrosive pH of area groundwater to a slightly alkaline and non-corrosive level. This program has been effective at reducing lead concentrations in the drinking water.

When your water has been sitting for several hours (such as overnight), you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using the water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791 or at

2. Where does Westford’s drinking water come from?

Groundwater from the Merrimack River Basin aquifer provides the water source for Westford residents, schools, and businesses. About 75% of residents in Westford receive their water from the Westford Water Department, and the remaining 15% are on private wells. The Westford Water Department operates 9 groundwater wells throughout town, and pumps the water to either the Forge Village or Nutting Road treatment plant. Once treated, the water is pumped into the distribution system to one of 5 storage tanks, from where it eventually makes it into your home, business, or school.

3. Is my drinking water clean?

When drinking water is pumped from the ground it has small amounts of impurities in it coming from contact with rock, dirt, vegetation, and the effects of human activity. This is why the Westford Water Department filters and treats all of its water before it is delivered to customers. This treatment helps to ensure that the water delivered to you is healthy and good tasting.

4. Is my drinking water safe?

The Westford Water Department fully complies with the Safe Drinking Water Act. The Department treats all of its water in order to meet state and federal requirements for public drinking water. Water is treated for corrosion control, disinfection, removal of volatile organic compounds, and removal of iron and manganese. In addition, the Westford Water Department regularly tests its water for over one hundred different contaminants. If the level of a contaminant exceeds state or federal health standards then the Department will notify the public and take corrective action immediately.

5. What is in my drinking water?

All drinking water, including bottled water, usually contains small amounts of impurities. Ground water can dissolve naturally occurring minerals, such as nitrate, from the earth’s crust. Ground water can also pick up substances that are a result of human or animal activity, such as coliform bacteria. However, the presence of an impurity does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a health risk. The Westford Water Department fully complies with all monitoring and reporting requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act, and your drinking water meets all Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health standards. For more details on the quality of your drinking water, see the Westford Water Department’s most recent Consumer Confidence Report (CCR).